Products

Black Cohosh P.E.

【Product name】: Black Cohosh P.E.
【Specification】: 2.5%, 8% Actein
【Packing】: 25kg/carton
【 Introduction】: powdery extract product of Cimicifuga romose (L)Nutt.
【Chemical ingredients】: Actein, Epi-Actein, 27-Deoxyactein, Cimicifugoside Acetyl Shengmanol Xyloside, 26-Deoxycimifigoside, Cimiracemodide A-H, Cimitin BugbanosideA-F.
【Remark】: 2.5% of Extract .

Cimicifuga racemosa - (L.)Nutt.
Black Cohosh
Range： Eastern N. America - Massachusetts to Ontario, south to Georgia and Tennessee.
Habitat： Moist, mixed deciduous forests, wooded slopes, ravines, creek margins, thickets, moist meadowlands, forest margins, and especially mountainous terrain from sea level to 1500 metres
Physical Characteristics
Perennial growing to 1.5m by 0.6m.
It is hardy to zone 4. It is in flower from July to October, and the seeds ripen from August to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs)
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland). It requires moist soil.
Habitats
Woodland Garden; Dappled Shade; Shady Edge;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves.
Leaves - cooked. Some caution is advised, see the notes above on toxicity.
Medicinal Uses
Alterative; Antidote; Antiinflammatory; Antirheumatic; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Birthing aid; Cardiotonic; Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Emmenagogue; Expectorant; Homeopathy; Hypnotic; Hypoglycaemic; Sedative; Tonic; Vasodilator; Women's complaints.
Black cohosh is a traditional remedy of the North American Indians where it was used mainly to treat women's problems, especially painful periods and problems associated with the menopause. A popular and widely used herbal remedy, it is effective in the treatment of a range of diseases. The root is alterative, antidote, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, astringent, cardiotonic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypnotic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator. It is harvested in the autumn as the leaves die down, then cut into pieces and dried. The root is toxic in overdose, it should be used with caution and be completely avoided by pregnant women. See also the notes above on toxicity. The medically active ingredients are not soluble in water so a tincture of the root is normally used. It is used in the treatment of rheumatism, as a sedative and an emmenagogue. It is traditionally important in the treatment of women's complaints, acting specifically on the uterus it eases uterine cramps and has been used to help in childbirth. Research has shown that the root has oestrogenic activity and is thought to reduce levels of pituitary luteinizing hormone, thereby decreasing the ovaries production of progesterone. The root is also hypoglycaemic, sedative and anti-inflammatory. Used in conjunction with St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) it is 78% effective in treating hot flushes and other menopausal problems. An extract of the root has been shown to strengthen the male reproductive organ in rats. The root contains salicylic acid, which makes it of value in the treatment of various rheumatic problems - it is particularly effective in the acute stage of rheumatoid arthritis, sciatica and chorea. Its sedative action makes it useful for treating a range of other complaints including tinnitus and high blood pressure. The roots are used to make a homeopathic remedy. This is used mainly for women, especially during pregnancy.
Other Uses
Repellent.
Both the growing and the dried plant can be used to repel bugs and fleas.
Scented Plants
Flowers: Fresh
The flowers have an unusual, slightly unpleasant smell.
Cultivation details
Prefers a moist humus rich soil and some shade. Grows well in dappled shade. Succeeds in ordinary garden soil and tolerates drier soils. Plants are hardy to at least -20℃. A very ornamental species. The flowers have an unusual, slightly unpleasant smell which is thought to repel insects. Plants grow and flower well in Britain, though they seldom if ever ripen their seed. A greedy plant, inhibiting the growth of nearby plants, especially legumes.
Propagation
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. Only just cover the seed. It germinates in 1 - 12 months or even longer at 15℃. The seed does not store well and soon loses its viability, stored seed may germinate better if given 6 - 8 weeks warm stratification at 15℃ and then 8 weeks cold stratification. Prick out the young seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on in a frame for their first winter. Plant out in late spring or early summer[K]. Division in spring or autumn. Larger clumps can be replanted direct into their permanent positions, though it is best to pot up smaller clumps and grow them on in a cold frame until they are rooting well. Plant them out in the summer or following spring.

Application and Uses of Black cohosh.:
History and Traditional Uses
Native Americans used the rhizomes for general malaise, kidney ailments, malaria, rheumatism, sore throat, and, notably, to relieve menstrual cramps and to ease labor. A. racemosa is traditionally used by the Cherokee and Iroquois nations for general malaise, gynecopathy (diseases peculiar to women), kidney ailments, malaria, rheumatism, and sore throat. A. racemosa was used by American colonists for amenorrhea, bronchitis, chorea, dropsy, fever, hysteria, itch, lumbago, malaria, nervous disorders, snakebite, uterine disorders, and yellow fever (Duke, 1985).
The root is considered by herbalists to be alterative, antispasmodic, antidotal to snake bite, antitussive, aphrodisiac, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, narcotic, nervine, sedative, stomachic, and tonic. Black cohosh was an ingredient of Lydia Pinkham¡¯s Vegetable Compound, a patent remedy sold for "female complaints" that was very popular in the earlier part of the 20th century. Black cohosh was proposed as a specific antidote to rattlesnake bite and St. Vitus¡¯ dance (chorea). It has also been given for various infantile disorders, including diarrhea, whooping cough, and paroxysmal (suddenly recurring or intensifying) cough. Black cohosh has also been used as a homeopathic preparation for "stimulating the female system" (e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, difficulties of menopause), rheumatism and arthritic complaints, and in parturition (Duke, 1985). It should be noted that these uses are anecdotal in nature, being based on the experiences of herbalists and not from clinical studies.
Current detailed descriptions of the use of black cohosh in obstetrics draw from the medical practices of the Eclectics. Black cohosh came into general use around 1850 in the U.S., becoming one of the most popular remedies, and was given a prominent place in the Eclectic Dispensary published in 1852. It was used specifically for rheumatoid muscular pains, menstrual pain, neuralgic pain, headache, and inflammation. The resinous concentrate was highly regarded for the treatment of amenorrhea as well as other female "disorders", an aid to appetite, and as a sedative. A tincture made from the fresh roots was considered useful before, during, and after labor, and was commonly given in small doses (Ellingwood, 1983) during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy as a partus preparator. Black cohosh was believed to reduce irritability of the uterus or false labor. The Eclectics wrote of its specific use in multiparas with histories of difficult labors, and in cases where the uterus was lax. A report written in 1885 on 160 childbirths stated that the tincture was mildly sedating, reduced discomforts in the first stage of labor, increased rhythmicity of contractions in the second stage, but specifically relaxed the cervical tissues, thus reducing lacerations (Brinker, 1996).
The drug was introduced into medicine by the American Indians, who valued it highly. They boiled the root in water and drank the resulting beverage for a variety of conditions ranging from rheumatism, diseases of women, and debility to sore throat. Black cohosh was subsequently used, especially by eclectic physicians, for all these conditions but particularly for so-called uterine difficulties to stimulate the menstrual flow. Black cohosh was one of the principal ingredients in Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. Herbalists recommend it for all of the aforementioned ailments and also as an astringent, diuretic, alterative, antidiarrheal, cough suppressant, diaphoretic, and other uses.
Scientific studies designed to identify specific physiological activities in the drug have not been numerous, and most have been carried out abroad. The long-suspected estrogenic effects, based on its use to stimulate menstruation, could not be verified in comprehensive experiments in mice reported in 1960. Subsequent experiments have shown that a methanol extract of black cohosh contains substances that bind to estrogen receptors of rat uteri; the extract also causes a selective reduction in luteinizing hormone level in ovariectomized rats. These results are interpreted to mean that black cohosh possesses some degree of estrogenic activity.
A steroidal triterpene derivative called actein, was found to lower blood pressure in rabbits and cats but not in dogs. It produced no hypotensive effects in either normal or hypertensive human beings, although some peripheral vasodilation was observed.
Modern experience with black cohosh extracts dates to the mid-1950s. In Germany, gynecologists concerned with finding an alternative to hormone-replacement therapy, which by that time was showing unwanted side effects in a large number of patients, reported successful clinical experience in the treatment of menopausal symptoms with a black cohosh extract. By 1962, at least fourteen clinical reports, although not controlled clinical trials in the modern sense, involving over 1,500 patients were published in German. Practitioners reported efficacy in premenopausal and menopausal symptoms including reduction in hot flashes and improvement of "depressive moods."
Since the 1980s, five clinical studies (although none with a double-blind design) have compared a black cohosh extract with placebo and/or estrogen replacement in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. An open, multicenter study with data on 629 patients reported favorable results (in 80 percent of patients) after six to eight weeks of treatment. Improvements included relief of neurovegetative complaints such as hot flashes, sweating, headache, vertigo, palpitation, and tinnitus. Side effects (unspecified) were reported in 7 percent of patients, but they did not result in discontinuing therapy.
Black cohosh is prescribed in Europe for various conditions, including symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), dysmenorrheal, and menopause. Reported activities include an estrogen-like action, binding to estrogen receptors, and suppression of luteinizing hormone. Occasional stomach pain or intestinal discomfort has been reported. Studies on mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity have proven negative, and a six-month study on chronic toxicity in rats at about ninety times the human intake failed to prove deleterious. Further studies on black cohosh are warranted.
Blackcohosh is popular as an alternative to hormonal therapy in the treatment of menopausal (climacteric) symptoms such as hot flashes, mood disturbances, diaphoresis, palpitations, and vaginal dryness. Several controlled trials and case series have reported black cohosh to improve menopausal symptoms for up to six months. Although these initial studies are suggestive, they have been few in number and have universally suffered from methodological weaknesses.
The mechanism of action of black cohosh remains unclear, and the effects on estrogen receptors or hormonal levels (if any) have not been fully elucidated. Recent publications suggest that there may be no direct effects on estrogen receptors, although this is an area of active controversy. Safety and efficacy data beyond six months are not available, although recent reports suggest safety of short-term use, including in women experiencing menopausal symptoms for whom estrogen replacement therapy is contraindicated. Nonetheless, due to a lack of long-term follow-up, caution is advisable until better-quality safety data are available. Use of black cohosh in high-risk populations (such as in women with a history of breast cancer) should be under the supervision of a licensed healthcare professional.

Product name: Black cohosh extract (cimicifuga foetida extract;Cimicifuga racemosa )
Ingredient: The roots and rhizomes are widely used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and menstrual dysfunction.
Active Ingredient: Triterpene Glycosides
(cimitin,cimigenol,  visnagin,  visamminol, cimigenol xyloside, dahurinol,
25-0-methylisodahurinol ).
Specification: 2.5% 5% 8% (HPLC)
Appearance: Yellow brown power, Structure, Cimicifugoside, Cimiracemodide

Function: It was used to treat joint, muscle and nerve pain rheumatism and menopause. And is approved for treatment of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) and for menopausal symptoms.

1. antipyretic
2. inhibits pain
3. inhibits edema
4. calming
5. lower blood pressure
6. inhibits ulcers

Usage: Medicine
Black cohosh was originally used by Native American peoples in the treatment of many conditions, especially gynecologic disorders.
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